THEORIES OF ACIDS AND BASES.

There are three basic theories of acid and bases.
  1. Arrhenius Theory
  2. Bronsted-Lowry Theory
  3. Lewis Theory

Arrhenius Theory

According to the Arrhenius theory,
  • Acid - Any species that increases the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution.
  • Base - Any species that increases the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution.

Limitations of Arrhenius Theory

  • It can only describe acid-base chemistry in aqueous solutions.Can not apply in non aqueous and gas phase reactions.
  • Can not apply for certain compounds to explain their acid-base properties.

Bronsted-Lowry Theory

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory,
  • Acid - Any species that is capable of donating a proton (H+).
  • Base - Any species that is capable of accepting a proton (OH-).

Lewis Theory

According to the Lewis theory,
  • Acid - Any species that is capable of accepting a pair of electrons.
  • Base - Any species that is capable of donating a pair of electrons.


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